Here's an article that excerpts Tristan Donovan's new book Replay - The History of Video Games. He interviews both Bill Pitts and Nolan Bushnell, who actually met while both were working on Space Wars adaptations.
This answers one of my questions. Galaxy Game did come out before Computer Space, though just by a little bit. This also really highlights a point I made before. Galaxy Game was a commercial arcade videogame venture. It just happened to fail after the location testing stage.
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Comments from Bill Pitts and Nolan Bushnell about the start of the arcade videogame industry